# GESP等级：三级 | GESP Python 三级考点 #!/usr/bin/env python3 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- """ 第4节：位运算实战 — Turtle 位运算魔法秀 面向7-10岁少儿编程教学 ========================================= 展示位运算的实战应用： 1. 奇偶判断 (n & 1) 2. RGB颜色通道提取 (掩码) 3. 异或交换 4. 2的幂判断 5. 快速乘除 """ import turtle import time import random # ==================================================================== # 师生互动说明： # 运行本程序后，首先会询问"请输入一个数字（默认53）：" # 输入后，turtle会画出"位运算魔法秀"——展示这个数字的二进制、 # 以及6大位运算实战技巧的结果。 # 之后会自动播放5个专题演示。 # ==================================================================== # ========== 全局设置 ========== SCREEN_W = 900 SCREEN_H = 700 # 颜色 COLOR_BG = "#1a1a2e" COLOR_ODD = "#F39C12" # 奇数=金色 COLOR_EVEN = "#3498DB" # 偶数=蓝色 COLOR_POWER2 = "#2ECC71" # 2的幂=绿色 COLOR_WHITE = "#FFFFFF" COLOR_GRAY = "#95A5A6" # ========== 初始化画布 ========== screen = turtle.Screen() screen.setup(SCREEN_W, SCREEN_H) screen.bgcolor(COLOR_BG) screen.title("位运算实战 — 魔法秀") screen.tracer(0) # ========== 创建海龟 ========== pen = turtle.Turtle() pen.speed(0) pen.hideturtle() def clear_screen(): """清屏""" pen.clear() pen.penup() def draw_title(title, y=300, color="#E74C3C"): """画标题""" pen.penup() pen.goto(0, y) pen.color(color) pen.write(title, align="center", font=("Arial", 24, "bold")) def draw_subtitle(text, y=260, color="#BDC3C7"): """画副标题""" pen.penup() pen.goto(0, y) pen.color(color) pen.write(text, align="center", font=("Arial", 14, "normal")) def draw_result(text, y=100, color="#F1C40F"): """画结果""" pen.penup() pen.goto(0, y) pen.color(color) pen.write(text, align="center", font=("Arial", 18, "bold")) def draw_info(text, y=-280, color="#7F8C8D"): """画底部信息""" pen.penup() pen.goto(0, y) pen.color(color) pen.write(text, align="center", font=("Arial", 12, "normal")) def draw_box(x, y, w, h, color, label=""): """画一个带标签的矩形""" pen.penup() pen.goto(x, y) pen.pendown() pen.fillcolor(color) pen.pencolor(COLOR_WHITE) pen.pensize(1) pen.begin_fill() for _ in range(2): pen.forward(w) pen.right(90) pen.forward(h) pen.right(90) pen.end_fill() if label: pen.penup() pen.goto(x + w // 2, y + h // 2 - 8) pen.color(COLOR_WHITE) pen.write(label, align="center", font=("Arial", 14, "bold")) def draw_circle(x, y, r, color, label=""): """画一个带标签的圆""" pen.penup() pen.goto(x, y - r) pen.pendown() pen.fillcolor(color) pen.pencolor(COLOR_WHITE) pen.pensize(1) pen.begin_fill() pen.circle(r) pen.end_fill() if label: pen.penup() pen.goto(x, y - 8) pen.color(COLOR_WHITE) pen.write(label, align="center", font=("Arial", 14, "bold")) # ==================================================================== # 位运算魔法秀 —— 输入 → 二进制 → 运算 → 结果 # 展示全部6大实战技巧（适合课堂演示） # ==================================================================== def bit_magic_show_all(num): """ 位运算魔法秀——对给定的数字num，展示6大位运算实战技巧。 布局： ┌──────────────────────────────────────┐ │ 🎪 位运算魔法秀 🎪 │ │ 输入: 53 = 110101 │ │ │ │ 🟡 ① 判断奇偶 53 & 1 = 1 → 奇数 │ │ 🟢 ② 判断相等 (53^53)==0 → 是 │ │ 🟠 ③ 异或交换 53 ↔ 37 → 三步搞定 │ │ 🪷 ④ 取末k位 53 & 7 = 5 │ │ 🟣 ⑤ 快速乘除 53<<2=212 53>>2=13 │ │ 🔴 ⑥ 2的幂判断 53&52≠0 → 不是 │ └──────────────────────────────────────┘ """ pen.clear() pen.penup() # ---- 标题 ---- pen.goto(0, 260) pen.color("#FFD700") pen.write("🎪 位运算魔法秀 🎪", align="center", font=("SimHei", 26, "bold")) pen.goto(0, 225) pen.color("#BDC3C7") pen.write(f"对数字 {num} 施展6大位运算魔法", align="center", font=("SimHei", 14, "normal")) # ---- 二进制展示 ---- binary_str = bin(num)[2:] pen.goto(-350, 170) pen.color("#00FFFF") pen.write(f"输入: {num} = (二进制) {binary_str}", font=("Courier", 18, "bold")) # 画二进制小方块（每个位一个小格子） box_size = 22 gap = 3 total_bits = len(binary_str) start_x = 350 - total_bits * (box_size + gap) for i, bit in enumerate(binary_str): x = start_x + i * (box_size + gap) pen.penup() pen.goto(x, 140) pen.pendown() if bit == '1': pen.fillcolor("#2ECC71") # 绿色=1 else: pen.fillcolor("#E74C3C") # 红色=0 pen.pencolor("#34495E") pen.begin_fill() for _ in range(4): pen.forward(box_size) pen.right(90) pen.end_fill() # 在位上方标注位权 bit_pos = total_bits - 1 - i pen.penup() pen.goto(x + box_size // 2, 165) pen.color("#95A5A6") pen.write(f"2^{bit_pos}", align="center", font=("Arial", 7, "normal")) # ---- 6大绝招展示 ---- ops = [ # (标题, 表达式文本, 结果文本, 颜色, y坐标) ("① 判断奇偶", f" {num} & 1 = {num & 1}", f"→ {'奇数' if num & 1 else '偶数'}", "#F39C12", 80), ("② 判断相等", f" ({num} ^ {num}) = {num ^ num}", "→ 相等 ✔" if (num ^ num) == 0 else "→ 不等 ✘", "#2ECC71", 50), ("③ 异或交换", " a^=b; b^=a; a^=b (无需第三变量!)", f" eg: a={num}, b=37 → a={37}, b={num}", "#E67E22", 20), ("④ 取末k位 (掩码)", f" mask = (1<<3)-1 = 7", f" {num} & 7 = {num & 7}", "#9B59B6", -10), ("⑤ 快速乘除2的幂", f" <<: {num}<<2 = {num<<2} (×4)", f" >>: {num}>>2 = {num>>2} (÷4)", "#1ABC9C", -40), ("⑥ 判断2的幂", f" {num} & {num-1} = {num & (num-1)}", "→ 是2的幂! ✔" if num > 0 and (num & (num-1)) == 0 else "→ 不是2的幂", "#E74C3C", -70), ] for title, expr_text, result_text, color, y in ops: pen.penup() pen.goto(-370, y) pen.color(color) pen.write(title, align="left", font=("SimHei", 13, "bold")) pen.goto(-240, y) pen.color("#ECF0F1") pen.write(expr_text, align="left", font=("Courier", 12, "normal")) pen.goto(120, y) pen.color("#F1C40F") pen.write(result_text, align="left", font=("Courier", 12, "bold")) # ---- 底部总结 ---- pen.penup() pen.goto(0, -130) pen.color("#FFD700") pen.write("✨ 位运算 = CPU的母语，快到飞起！ ✨", align="center", font=("SimHei", 16, "bold")) pen.goto(0, -160) pen.color("#7F8C8D") pen.write("按画面任意键继续观看专题演示...", align="center", font=("SimHei", 12, "normal")) screen.update() """演示1：奇偶判断""" clear_screen() draw_title("演示1: 奇偶判断器 n & 1", y=300, color="#E74C3C") draw_subtitle("二进制最低位 = 1 是奇数，= 0 是偶数", y=260, color="#BDC3C7") test_numbers = [5, 6, 13, 20, 31, 42, 63, 100] for i, n in enumerate(test_numbers): is_odd = n & 1 col = i % 4 row = i // 4 x = -300 + col * 160 y = 200 - row * 200 # 画数字标签 pen.penup() pen.goto(x + 40, y + 70) pen.color(COLOR_WHITE) pen.write(f"{n} = {bin(n)}", align="center", font=("Courier", 11, "bold")) # 画二进制位展示 bits = [(n >> i) & 1 for i in range(7, -1, -1)] box_w = 12 gap = 2 start_bit_x = x + (80 - 8 * (box_w + gap)) // 2 for bi, bv in enumerate(bits): bx = start_bit_x + bi * (box_w + gap) pen.penup() pen.goto(bx, y + 40) pen.pendown() if bv == 1: pen.fillcolor("#2ECC71") else: pen.fillcolor("#E74C3C") pen.pencolor("#34495E") pen.begin_fill() for _ in range(4): pen.forward(box_w) pen.right(90) pen.end_fill() # 强调最低位（用框标记） last_bit_x = start_bit_x + 7 * (box_w + gap) pen.penup() pen.goto(last_bit_x - 2, y + 38) pen.pendown() pen.pencolor("#F1C40F") pen.pensize(2) for _ in range(4): pen.forward(box_w + 4) pen.right(90) pen.pensize(1) # 显示奇偶结果 if is_odd: draw_circle(x + 40, y - 20, 30, COLOR_ODD, "奇数") else: draw_box(x + 5, y - 55, 70, 50, COLOR_EVEN, "偶数") # 计算方法 pen.penup() pen.goto(x + 40, y - 90) pen.color("#F1C40F") pen.write(f"{n} & 1 = {is_odd}", align="center", font=("Courier", 11, "normal")) screen.update() time.sleep(0.3) draw_info("规律: 奇数最低位=1, 偶数最低位=0 | n & 1 秒判奇偶", y=-280) screen.update() time.sleep(2) def show_color_extraction_demo(): """演示2：RGB颜色通道提取""" clear_screen() draw_title("演示2: RGB颜色通道提取 — 掩码操作", y=300, color="#9B59B6") draw_subtitle("用 >> 和 & 0xFF 提取 R/G/B 分量", y=260, color="#BDC3C7") # 展示几种颜色 colors = [ (0xFF0000, "红色"), (0x00FF00, "绿色"), (0x0000FF, "蓝色"), (0xFFFF00, "黄色"), (0xFF00FF, "紫色"), (0x66CCFF, "天蓝"), ] for i, (color_val, name) in enumerate(colors): col = i % 3 row = i // 3 x = -280 + col * 190 y = 180 - row * 200 # 提取RGB R = (color_val >> 16) & 0xFF G = (color_val >> 8) & 0xFF B = color_val & 0xFF # 颜色方块 pen.penup() pen.goto(x, y) pen.pendown() hex_str = f"#{color_val:06X}" pen.pencolor("#34495E") pen.fillcolor(hex_str) pen.begin_fill() for _ in range(2): pen.forward(80) pen.right(90) pen.forward(60) pen.right(90) pen.end_fill() # 颜色名和十六进制 pen.penup() pen.goto(x + 40, y - 12) pen.color(COLOR_WHITE) pen.write(name, align="center", font=("Arial", 13, "bold")) pen.goto(x + 40, y - 28) pen.color("#BDC3C7") pen.write(hex_str, align="center", font=("Courier", 10, "normal")) # R分量 r_x = x + 90 pen.penup() pen.goto(r_x, y + 35) pen.color("#E74C3C") pen.write(f"R >> 16 & 0xFF", align="left", font=("Courier", 9, "normal")) pen.goto(r_x, y + 18) pen.write(f" = ({color_val}>>16) & 255", align="left", font=("Courier", 9, "normal")) pen.goto(r_x, y) pen.color("#F1C40F") pen.write(f" = {R}", align="left", font=("Courier", 11, "bold")) # G分量 pen.goto(r_x, y - 20) pen.color("#2ECC71") pen.write(f"G >> 8 & 0xFF", align="left", font=("Courier", 9, "normal")) pen.goto(r_x, y - 37) pen.color("#F1C40F") pen.write(f" = {G}", align="left", font=("Courier", 11, "bold")) # B分量 pen.goto(r_x, y - 57) pen.color("#3498DB") pen.write(f"B & 0xFF", align="left", font=("Courier", 9, "normal")) pen.goto(r_x, y - 74) pen.color("#F1C40F") pen.write(f" = {B}", align="left", font=("Courier", 11, "bold")) screen.update() time.sleep(0.3) draw_info("掩码 0xFF = 255 = 11111111, 右移后再与掩码提取指定通道", y=-280) screen.update() time.sleep(2) def show_swap_demo(): """演示3：异或交换""" clear_screen() draw_title("演示3: 异或交换法 a^=b; b^=a; a^=b", y=300, color="#E67E22") draw_subtitle("不借助第三个变量，交换两个数的值", y=260, color="#BDC3C7") a, b = 5, 3 steps = [ ("初始状态", a, b, ""), ("第1步: a ^= b", a ^ b, b, "a = a ^ b"), ("第2步: b ^= a", a ^ b, b ^ (a ^ b), "b = b ^ a"), ("第3步: a ^= b", (a ^ b) ^ (b ^ (a ^ b)), b ^ (a ^ b), "a = a ^ b"), ] # 实际计算 a_val, b_val = 5, 3 a_val ^= b_val # a = 6 b_val ^= a_val # b = 5 a_val ^= b_val # a = 3 # 画初始状态 box_w = 120 box_h = 60 y_a = 180 y_b = 100 y_result = -20 # 画标签 pen.penup() pen.goto(-250, y_a + box_h // 2 + 10) pen.color("#E74C3C") pen.write("初始:", align="left", font=("Arial", 14, "bold")) pen.goto(-250, y_b + box_h // 2 + 10) pen.color("#3498DB") pen.write("初始:", align="left", font=("Arial", 14, "bold")) # 画A的盒子 pen.penup() pen.goto(-100, y_a) pen.pendown() pen.pencolor("#E74C3C") pen.fillcolor("#E74C3C") pen.begin_fill() for _ in range(2): pen.forward(box_w) pen.right(90) pen.forward(box_h) pen.right(90) pen.end_fill() pen.penup() pen.goto(-100 + box_w // 2, y_a + box_h // 2 - 8) pen.color(COLOR_WHITE) pen.write("A=5", align="center", font=("Arial", 18, "bold")) # 二进制 pen.goto(-100 + box_w // 2, y_a - 25) pen.color("#F1C40F") pen.write("0101", align="center", font=("Courier", 12, "bold")) # 画B的盒子 pen.penup() pen.goto(-100, y_b) pen.pendown() pen.pencolor("#3498DB") pen.fillcolor("#3498DB") pen.begin_fill() for _ in range(2): pen.forward(box_w) pen.right(90) pen.forward(box_h) pen.right(90) pen.end_fill() pen.penup() pen.goto(-100 + box_w // 2, y_b + box_h // 2 - 8) pen.color(COLOR_WHITE) pen.write("B=3", align="center", font=("Arial", 18, "bold")) # 二进制 pen.goto(-100 + box_w // 2, y_b - 25) pen.color("#F1C40F") pen.write("0011", align="center", font=("Courier", 12, "bold")) # 画右箭头 pen.penup() pen.goto(50, y_a + box_h // 2) pen.color("#E67E22") pen.write("用异或交换 👉", align="left", font=("Arial", 16, "bold")) # 画交换后的结果 x_result = 200 pen.penup() pen.goto(x_result - 10, y_result + 65) pen.color("#2ECC71") pen.write("交换后:", align="left", font=("Arial", 14, "bold")) # A变成3(蓝色) pen.penup() pen.goto(x_result, y_result + 35) pen.pendown() pen.pencolor("#3498DB") pen.fillcolor("#3498DB") pen.begin_fill() for _ in range(2): pen.forward(box_w) pen.right(90) pen.forward(box_h) pen.right(90) pen.end_fill() pen.penup() pen.goto(x_result + box_w // 2, y_result + box_h // 2 + 27) pen.color(COLOR_WHITE) pen.write("A=3", align="center", font=("Arial", 18, "bold")) pen.goto(x_result + box_w // 2, y_result + box_h // 2 + 5) pen.color("#F1C40F") pen.write("0011", align="center", font=("Courier", 12, "bold")) # B变成5(红色) pen.penup() pen.goto(x_result, y_result - 25) pen.pendown() pen.pencolor("#E74C3C") pen.fillcolor("#E74C3C") pen.begin_fill() for _ in range(2): pen.forward(box_w) pen.right(90) pen.forward(box_h) pen.right(90) pen.end_fill() pen.penup() pen.goto(x_result + box_w // 2, y_result + box_h // 2 - 33) pen.color(COLOR_WHITE) pen.write("B=5", align="center", font=("Arial", 18, "bold")) pen.goto(x_result + box_w // 2, y_result + box_h // 2 - 55) pen.color("#F1C40F") pen.write("0101", align="center", font=("Courier", 12, "bold")) # 逐位推演 pen.penup() pen.goto(-250, -160) pen.color("#F1C40F") pen.write("逐位推演:", align="left", font=("Arial", 14, "bold")) steps_text = [ "第1步: a = a ^ b = 0101 ^ 0011 = 0110 (6)", "第2步: b = b ^ a = 0011 ^ 0110 = 0101 (5) ← 原来的a", "第3步: a = a ^ b = 0110 ^ 0101 = 0011 (3) ← 原来的b", ] for idx, text in enumerate(steps_text): pen.goto(-230, -190 - idx * 25) pen.color("#BDC3C7") pen.write(text, align="left", font=("Courier", 11, "normal")) draw_info("神奇吗？三步异或，不用第三杯水就交换了两杯水！", y=-280) screen.update() time.sleep(2) def show_power_of_two_demo(): """演示4：2的幂判断""" clear_screen() draw_title("演示4: 2的幂判断 n & (n-1) == 0", y=300, color="#2ECC71") draw_subtitle("2的幂的二进制只有一个1", y=260, color="#BDC3C7") test_nums = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 16, 31, 32, 63, 64, 100, 128, 255] # 画标题列 headers = ["数字", "二进制", "n-1", "n & (n-1)", "是2的幂?"] x_positions = [-380, -280, -120, 40, 200] for idx, (hdr, x) in enumerate(zip(headers, x_positions)): pen.penup() pen.goto(x, 220) pen.color("#F1C40F") pen.write(hdr, align="left" if idx > 0 else "center", font=("Arial", 12, "bold")) for i, n in enumerate(test_nums): y = 195 - i * 18 is_power = n > 0 and (n & (n - 1)) == 0 # 数字 pen.penup() pen.goto(x_positions[0], y) pen.color("#E74C3C" if is_power else COLOR_WHITE) pen.write(f"{n:3d}", align="center", font=("Courier", 11, "bold")) # 二进制 pen.goto(x_positions[1], y) pen.color("#3498DB") pen.write(f"{bin(n):>10s}", align="left", font=("Courier", 10, "normal")) # n-1 pen.goto(x_positions[2], y) pen.color("#E67E22") if n > 0: pen.write(f"{bin(n-1):>10s}", align="left", font=("Courier", 10, "normal")) else: pen.write("N/A", align="left", font=("Courier", 10, "normal")) # n & (n-1) pen.goto(x_positions[3], y) result = n & (n - 1) if n > 0 else 0 pen.color("#9B59B6" if result == 0 else "#7F8C8D") pen.write(f"0x{result:08X}", align="left", font=("Courier", 11, "bold")) # 判断结果 pen.goto(x_positions[4], y) if is_power: pen.color("#2ECC71") pen.write("✓ 是", align="left", font=("Courier", 11, "bold")) else: pen.color("#E74C3C") pen.write("✗", align="left", font=("Courier", 11, "bold")) screen.update() draw_info("2的幂的二进制只有一个1: 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256...", y=-280) screen.update() time.sleep(2) def show_speed_compare(): """演示5：速度对比""" clear_screen() draw_title("演示5: 位运算速度对比", y=300, color="#F1C40F") draw_subtitle("位运算比普通算术运算快很多！", y=260, color="#BDC3C7") # 用动画展示速度对比 import time as _time n = 123456789 iterations = 5000000 # 测试乘法 start = _time.time() for _ in range(iterations): r = n * 8 mul_time = _time.time() - start # 测试左移 start = _time.time() for _ in range(iterations): r = n << 3 shift_time = _time.time() - start # 显示结果 bar_max_width = 400 y_center = 100 # 乘法条形 pen.penup() pen.goto(-200, y_center + 30) pen.color("#E74C3C") pen.write("乘法 n * 8:", align="left", font=("Arial", 16, "bold")) mul_width = bar_max_width * min(mul_time / (mul_time + 0.001), 1.0) pen.penup() pen.goto(-200, y_center - 10) pen.pendown() pen.fillcolor("#E74C3C") pen.begin_fill() for _ in range(2): pen.forward(mul_width) pen.right(90) pen.forward(40) pen.right(90) pen.end_fill() pen.penup() pen.goto(-200 + mul_width + 10, y_center + 5) pen.color("#E74C3C") pen.write(f"{mul_time:.3f}秒", align="left", font=("Arial", 14, "bold")) # 左移条形 pen.penup() pen.goto(-200, y_center - 70) pen.color("#2ECC71") pen.write("左移 n << 3:", align="left", font=("Arial", 16, "bold")) shift_width = bar_max_width * min(shift_time / (mul_time + 0.001), 1.0) pen.penup() pen.goto(-200, y_center - 110) pen.pendown() pen.fillcolor("#2ECC71") pen.begin_fill() for _ in range(2): pen.forward(shift_width) pen.right(90) pen.forward(40) pen.right(90) pen.end_fill() pen.penup() pen.goto(-200 + shift_width + 10, y_center - 95) pen.color("#2ECC71") pen.write(f"{shift_time:.3f}秒", align="left", font=("Arial", 14, "bold")) # 倍数比较 speedup = mul_time / shift_time if shift_time > 0 else 0 pen.penup() pen.goto(0, y_center - 170) pen.color("#F1C40F") pen.write(f"左移比乘法快了约 {speedup:.1f} 倍！", align="center", font=("Arial", 18, "bold")) pen.goto(0, y_center - 200) pen.color("#BDC3C7") pen.write(f"测试次数: {iterations:,} 次", align="center", font=("Arial", 12, "normal")) draw_info("位运算是CPU的'母语'，几乎不花时间！", y=-280) screen.update() time.sleep(3) def show_magic_show(): """综合魔术秀""" clear_screen() draw_title("🎩 位运算魔法秀 🎩", y=150, color="#F1C40F") draw_subtitle("今天学会的实战技巧", y=100, color="#BDC3C7") tricks = [ ("n & 1", "一眼看穿奇偶", "#E74C3C"), ("(a^b)==0", "判断两数相等", "#3498DB"), ("a^=b; b^=a; a^=b", "三步交换数值", "#E67E22"), ("n & (1<> 2", "快速除4", "#1ABC9C"), ("n & (n-1)==0", "判断2的幂", "#F39C12"), ] for i, (expr, desc, color) in enumerate(tricks): y = 50 - i * 40 pen.penup() pen.goto(-250, y) pen.color(color) pen.write(f"{expr:>25s}", align="right", font=("Courier", 14, "bold")) pen.goto(-220, y) pen.color(COLOR_WHITE) pen.write(f"→ {desc}", align="left", font=("Arial", 14, "normal")) draw_info("位运算 = 计算机的母语，学会它，你就拥有了'超能力'！", y=-230, color="#F1C40F") pen.penup() pen.goto(0, -260) pen.color("#7F8C8D") pen.write("点击画面退出", align="center", font=("Arial", 12, "normal")) screen.update() # ========== 入口 ========== if __name__ == "__main__": try: # 第1步：师生互动 —— 输入数字 screen.tracer(0) num_str = turtle.textinput("🎪 位运算魔法秀 🎪", "请输入一个数字，让 turtle 施展6大位运算魔法！\n" "（输入后按确定，默认53）") if num_str is None or num_str.strip() == "": num = 53 else: num = int(num_str.strip()) # 第2步：展示综合魔法秀 bit_magic_show_all(num) time.sleep(2) # 第3步：等待点击后继续专题演示 screen.exitonclick() screen.clear() # 第4步：依次展示5个专题演示 screen.tracer(0) show_odd_even_demo() show_color_extraction_demo() show_swap_demo() show_power_of_two_demo() show_speed_compare() show_magic_show() screen.exitonclick() except ValueError: # 输入不是数字时自动用默认值 screen.tracer(0) pen.penup() pen.goto(0, 0) pen.color("#E74C3C") pen.write("输入有误，使用默认数字 53", align="center", font=("SimHei", 18, "bold")) screen.update() time.sleep(1) screen.tracer(0) num = 53 bit_magic_show_all(num) time.sleep(2) screen.exitonclick() screen.clear() screen.tracer(0) show_odd_even_demo() show_color_extraction_demo() show_swap_demo() show_power_of_two_demo() show_speed_compare() show_magic_show() screen.exitonclick()