# GESP等级：三级 | GESP Python 三级考点 """ ================================================================================ 挑战3 ★★★ — 多色画板（控制台版） ================================================================================ 场景： 一个控制台中的多色画板程序。 用户可以用不同的"画笔"在网格画布上绘制字符图案， 每笔落下的颜色由当前选中的画笔决定。 结构设计（set + dict 的综合应用）： ┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ dict 「颜色映射表」 → color_name → RGB │ │ dict 「画笔配置库」 → pen_id → config_dict │ │ set 「活跃画笔集合」 → 当前选中的画笔 │ │ dict 「画布数据」 → (x,y) → color_char │ │ set 「已使用的颜色」 → 画布上出现过的颜色 │ └──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ 运行方式：直接执行，交互式操作 ================================================================================ """ import os import sys # ========== 配置常量 ========== CANVAS_WIDTH = 20 CANVAS_HEIGHT = 10 EMPTY_CHAR = "·" # ========== 1. dict — 颜色映射表 ========== COLOR_MAP = { "red": "\033[31m█\033[0m", "green": "\033[32m█\033[0m", "yellow": "\033[33m█\033[0m", "blue": "\033[34m█\033[0m", "purple": "\033[35m█\033[0m", "cyan": "\033[36m█\033[0m", "white": "\033[37m█\033[0m", } # 无颜色模式的纯字符版本（兼容 Windows 旧终端） COLOR_CHAR = {name: "●" for name in COLOR_MAP} # 让 red 显示为 ■，green 显示为 ▲，增加辨识度 SHAPE_CHARS = {"red": "■", "green": "▲", "blue": "●", "yellow": "◆", "purple": "★", "cyan": "⬟", "white": "○"} # ========== 2. dict — 画笔配置库 ========== PENS = { "pen1": {"name": "红笔", "color": "red", "shape": "round", "size": 1}, "pen2": {"name": "绿笔", "color": "green", "shape": "round", "size": 1}, "pen3": {"name": "蓝笔", "color": "blue", "shape": "round", "size": 1}, "pen4": {"name": "黄笔", "color": "yellow","shape": "square","size": 2}, "pen5": {"name": "紫笔", "color": "purple","shape": "diamond","size": 1}, "pen6": {"name": "粗红笔", "color": "red", "shape": "square","size": 3}, } # ========== 3. set — 活跃画笔集合 ========== active_pens: set = {"pen1"} # 默认选中 pen1 # ========== 4. dict — 画布数据 ========== canvas: dict = {} # key=(x, y), value=color_name # ========== 5. set — 已使用的颜色跟踪 ========== used_colors: set = set() # ========== 核心函数 ========== def clear_screen(): """清屏""" os.system("cls" if os.name == "nt" else "clear") def draw_pixel(x: int, y: int, color: str = None) -> None: """在画布 (x,y) 位置画一笔""" if not (0 <= x < CANVAS_WIDTH and 0 <= y < CANVAS_HEIGHT): return # 越界忽略 if color is None: # 使用当前活跃的第一支画笔的颜色 for pid in active_pens: color = PENS[pid]["color"] break if color is None: return canvas[(x, y)] = color used_colors.add(color) # set 自动去重 def render(): """渲染画布""" for y in range(CANVAS_HEIGHT): row = [] for x in range(CANVAS_WIDTH): color = canvas.get((x, y)) if color: # 尝试使用颜色字符，否则用形状字符，最后用普通符号 char = COLOR_MAP.get(color, COLOR_CHAR.get(color, "█")) else: char = EMPTY_CHAR row.append(char) print(" ".join(row)) def draw_horizontal_line(y: int, color: str = None, length: int = None): """画水平线""" if length is None: length = CANVAS_WIDTH for x in range(length): draw_pixel(x, y, color) def draw_vertical_line(x: int, color: str = None, length: int = None): """画垂直线""" if length is None: length = CANVAS_HEIGHT for y in range(length): draw_pixel(x, y, color) def draw_rect(x1: int, y1: int, x2: int, y2: int, color: str = None): """画矩形""" for x in range(x1, x2 + 1): draw_pixel(x, y1, color) draw_pixel(x, y2, color) for y in range(y1, y2 + 1): draw_pixel(x1, y, color) draw_pixel(x2, y, color) def get_stats() -> dict: """获取画布统计信息（dict 综合应用）""" # 各颜色使用次数 color_count = {} for c in canvas.values(): color_count[c] = color_count.get(c, 0) + 1 # 按使用次数排序 sorted_colors = sorted(color_count.items(), key=lambda x: -x[1]) return { "total_pixels": len(canvas), "used_colors": used_colors, "color_count": color_count, "top_colors": sorted_colors[:3], "coverage": f"{len(canvas) / (CANVAS_WIDTH * CANVAS_HEIGHT) * 100:.1f}%", } # ========== 主程序：绘制示例图案 ========== if __name__ == "__main__": clear_screen() print("=" * 60) print(" 挑战3 ★★★ — 多色画板") print("=" * 60) # ---- 绘制样例 ---- # 1. 用红笔在顶部画一条水平线 active_pens = {"pen1"} draw_horizontal_line(0, "red") draw_horizontal_line(CANVAS_HEIGHT - 1, "red") # 2. 用蓝笔在左右画垂直线 active_pens = {"pen3"} draw_vertical_line(0, "blue") draw_vertical_line(CANVAS_WIDTH - 1, "blue") # 3. 用绿笔画一个矩形框（中间区域） active_pens = {"pen2"} draw_rect(2, 2, CANVAS_WIDTH - 3, CANVAS_HEIGHT - 3, "green") # 4. 用黄笔在矩形内画小十字 active_pens = {"pen4"} cx, cy = CANVAS_WIDTH // 2, CANVAS_HEIGHT // 2 for dx in range(-3, 4): draw_pixel(cx + dx, cy, "yellow") for dy in range(-3, 4): draw_pixel(cx, cy + dy, "yellow") # 5. 紫色散点 active_pens = {"pen5"} import random random.seed(42) for _ in range(15): rx = random.randint(4, CANVAS_WIDTH - 5) ry = random.randint(3, CANVAS_HEIGHT - 4) draw_pixel(rx, ry, "purple") # ---- 渲染 ---- print("\n画布预览：\n") render() # ---- 统计 ---- stats = get_stats() print(f"\n画布统计：") print(f" 总像素点：{stats['total_pixels']} / {CANVAS_WIDTH * CANVAS_HEIGHT}") print(f" 覆盖率 ：{stats['coverage']}") print(f" 使用颜色 ：{', '.join(sorted(stats['used_colors']))}") print(f" 颜色使用排行：") for color, count in stats["top_colors"]: char = COLOR_CHAR.get(color, "?") print(f" {char} {color}: {count} 次") # ---- 展示画板底层的 dict 结构 ---- print(f"\n--- 画板底层数据结构 ---") print(f"canvas 类型：{type(canvas).__name__}，条目数：{len(canvas)}") print(f"canvas 示例条目：{(list(canvas.items())[:3])}") print(f"\nused_colors 类型：{type(used_colors).__name__}，内容：{used_colors}") print(f"active_pens 类型：{type(active_pens).__name__}，当前选中：{active_pens}") print(f"\nPENS 配置库：") for pid, cfg in PENS.items(): print(f" {pid}: {cfg['name']} ({cfg['color']}, 形状={cfg['shape']}, 尺寸={cfg['size']})") print() print(">>> 挑战3 关键收获 <<<") print("1. dict 做画布 (x,y)→color 映射，空间换时间") print("2. set 自动跟踪已使用的颜色，无需判重") print("3. set 管理多画笔选中状态，支持批量绘制") print("4. dict.values() 配合 set 做颜色频次统计") print("5. 多种数据结构各司其职，组合解决复杂问题")