# GESP等级：三级 | GESP Python 三级考点 #!/usr/bin/env python3 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- """ 第1节：二进制探秘 — Turtle 二进制位演示 面向7-10岁少儿编程教学 ========================================= 用图形化的方块展示一个数字的二进制表示 每个位画一个方块，填充=1（亮），空白=0（灭） """ import turtle import time # ========== 全局设置 ========== SCREEN_W = 800 SCREEN_H = 500 BOX_SIZE = 60 # 每个位方块的大小 BOX_GAP = 10 # 方块之间的间距 BITS = 8 # 显示8个二进制位 START_X = -(BITS * (BOX_SIZE + BOX_GAP)) // 2 # 居中起点 START_Y = 80 # 颜色方案 COLOR_ON = "deepskyblue" # 1 = 点亮 COLOR_OFF = "lightgray" # 0 = 熄灭 COLOR_BG = "white" COLOR_TEXT = "navy" COLOR_TITLE = "darkorange" # ========== 初始化画布 ========== screen = turtle.Screen() screen.setup(SCREEN_W, SCREEN_H) screen.bgcolor(COLOR_BG) screen.title("二进制探秘 — Turtle 二进制位演示") screen.tracer(0) # 关闭自动刷新，手动控制 # ========== 创建海龟 ========== pen = turtle.Turtle() pen.speed(0) pen.hideturtle() def draw_bit_box(x, y, value, label=""): """ 在 (x, y) 位置画一个二进制位方块 value: 0 或 1 label: 位权标签（1, 2, 4, 8, ...） """ pen.penup() pen.goto(x, y) # 画方块 pen.pendown() if value == 1: pen.fillcolor(COLOR_ON) else: pen.fillcolor(COLOR_OFF) pen.begin_fill() for _ in range(4): pen.forward(BOX_SIZE) pen.right(90) pen.end_fill() # 在方块内写数字（0或1） pen.penup() pen.goto(x + BOX_SIZE // 2, y + BOX_SIZE // 2 - 10) pen.color("white" if value == 1 else "dimgray") pen.write(str(value), align="center", font=("Arial", 20, "bold")) # 在方块下方写位权标签 if label: pen.goto(x + BOX_SIZE // 2, y - 25) pen.color(COLOR_TEXT) pen.write(label, align="center", font=("Arial", 12, "normal")) def draw_title(text): """在屏幕顶部绘制标题""" pen.penup() pen.goto(0, START_Y + BOX_SIZE + 40) pen.color(COLOR_TITLE) pen.write(text, align="center", font=("Arial", 22, "bold")) def draw_info(text, y_offset=-150): """在屏幕底部绘制信息文字""" pen.penup() pen.goto(0, y_offset) pen.color(COLOR_TEXT) pen.write(text, align="center", font=("Arial", 14, "normal")) def draw_decimal_label(number, y_offset=-120): """显示十进制数字""" pen.penup() pen.goto(0, y_offset) pen.color("crimson") pen.write(f"十进制: {number}", align="center", font=("Arial", 16, "bold")) def draw_binary_label(bin_str, y_offset=-180): """显示二进制字符串""" pen.penup() pen.goto(0, y_offset) pen.color("darkgreen") pen.write(f"二进制: {bin_str}", align="center", font=("Arial", 16, "bold")) def draw_bit_labels(): """在方块顶部标记位序号""" for i in range(BITS): x = START_X + i * (BOX_SIZE + BOX_GAP) pen.penup() pen.goto(x + BOX_SIZE // 2, START_Y + BOX_SIZE + 5) bit_pos = BITS - 1 - i # 从右往左 pen.color("purple") pen.write(f"位{bit_pos}", align="center", font=("Arial", 10, "normal")) def draw_weight_labels(): """在方块底部标记位权值""" for i in range(BITS): x = START_X + i * (BOX_SIZE + BOX_GAP) weight = 1 << (BITS - 1 - i) # 2的幂 pen.color("dimgray") pen.penup() pen.goto(x + BOX_SIZE // 2, START_Y - 30) if weight >= 1024: pen.write(f"{weight}", align="center", font=("Arial", 9, "normal")) else: pen.write(f"{weight}", align="center", font=("Arial", 11, "normal")) def draw_connection_lines(bin_bits): """画连接线：标记哪些位相加得到结果""" pen.penup() pen.goto(START_X - 20, START_Y + BOX_SIZE // 2) pen.color("orange", "lightyellow") pen.pendown() pen.begin_fill() for _ in range(2): pen.forward(10) pen.right(90) pen.forward(BOX_SIZE) pen.right(90) pen.end_fill() pen.penup() pen.goto(START_X - 15, START_Y + BOX_SIZE // 2 - 8) pen.color("darkorange") pen.write("=", align="center", font=("Arial", 16, "bold")) def show_binary(number): """ 主函数：显示一个十进制数的二进制表示 """ pen.clear() # 计算二进制位 bits = [] for i in range(BITS - 1, -1, -1): bit = (number >> i) & 1 bits.append(bit) # 构建二进制字符串 bin_str = "".join(str(b) for b in bits) # 去掉前导0的简洁版 bin_short = bin(number)[2:] # ---------- 绘制标题 ---------- draw_title(f"数字 {number} 的二进制表示") # ---------- 绘制位标签 ---------- draw_bit_labels() # ---------- 绘制位权标签 ---------- draw_weight_labels() # ---------- 绘制每个二进制位 ---------- for i in range(BITS): x = START_X + i * (BOX_SIZE + BOX_GAP) value = bits[i] weight = 1 << (BITS - 1 - i) draw_bit_box(x, START_Y, value, str(weight)) # ---------- 绘制信息 ---------- decimal_sum = sum( (bits[BITS - 1 - i] << i) for i in range(BITS) ) draw_decimal_label(f"十进制: {number}", y_offset=-120) draw_binary_label(f"二进制: {bin_short} (完整: {bin_str})", y_offset=-160) # 底部提示 draw_info("蓝色 = 1 (亮) 灰色 = 0 (灭) 从右往左位权: 1,2,4,8,16,32,64,128", y_offset=-210) screen.update() def animate_bits(number): """动画效果：逐位点亮""" bits = [] for i in range(BITS - 1, -1, -1): bit = (number >> i) & 1 bits.append(bit) pen.clear() draw_title(f"数字 {number} — 逐位展示") # 先画空盒子 for i in range(BITS): x = START_X + i * (BOX_SIZE + BOX_GAP) draw_bit_box(x, START_Y, 0, str(1 << (BITS - 1 - i))) screen.update() time.sleep(0.5) # 逐位点亮 for i in range(BITS): x = START_X + i * (BOX_SIZE + BOX_GAP) # 重新绘制这个位 pen.penup() pen.goto(x, START_Y) pen.pendown() if bits[i] == 1: pen.fillcolor(COLOR_ON) else: pen.fillcolor(COLOR_OFF) pen.begin_fill() for _ in range(4): pen.forward(BOX_SIZE) pen.right(90) pen.end_fill() # 数字 pen.penup() pen.goto(x + BOX_SIZE // 2, START_Y + BOX_SIZE // 2 - 10) pen.color("white" if bits[i] == 1 else "dimgray") pen.write(str(bits[i]), align="center", font=("Arial", 20, "bold")) screen.update() time.sleep(0.3) # 显示结果 bin_short = bin(number)[2:] draw_decimal_label(number, y_offset=-120) draw_binary_label(f"二进制: {bin_short}", y_offset=-160) screen.update() def interactive_mode(): """交互模式：让用户输入数字查看二进制""" draw_info("请输入一个0-255之间的数字（在终端输入）", y_offset=-240) screen.update() try: num = int(turtle.textinput("二进制探秘", "请输入一个0-255之间的数字:")) if 0 <= num <= 255: show_binary(num) else: draw_info("数字超出范围（0-255），请重新运行程序", y_offset=-240) screen.update() except (ValueError, TypeError): draw_info("输入无效，请重新运行程序输入整数", y_offset=-240) screen.update() # ========== 入口 ========== if __name__ == "__main__": # 示例数字 — 修改这个值来演示不同数字 demo_number = 5 # 先展示逐位动画 animate_bits(demo_number) time.sleep(1.5) # 再展示完整结果 show_binary(demo_number) # 底部提示交互 draw_info("点击画面退出 | 可修改代码中的 demo_number 来展示其他数字", y_offset=-240) screen.update() # 点击退出 screen.exitonclick()